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Common
Abbreviations
|
| ds |
double-stranded (as in dsDNA) |
| ss |
single-stranded (as in ssDNA) |
| bp |
basepair |
| kb |
kilobase: 1,000 bases or basepairs as
appropriate |
| Mb |
megabase: 1,000,000 bp |
| Da |
Dalton, the unit of molecular mass; |
| |
kDa = 1,000 Da, MDa = 1,000,000 Da. |
| MW |
molecular weight |
| M |
molarity, moles of solute per liter of
solution |
| Mol |
absolute amount of a
substance |
Metric
Prefixes
|
| G |
= |
giga |
= |
109 |
| M |
= |
mega |
= |
106 |
| k |
= |
kilo |
= |
103 |
| m |
= |
milli |
= |
10-3 |
| µ |
= |
micro |
= |
10-6 |
| n |
= |
nano |
= |
10-9 |
| p |
= |
pico |
= |
10-12 |
| f |
= |
femto |
= |
10-15 |
| a |
= |
atto |
= |
10-18 |
Tris-HCl
Buffer, pH-Values
| 5ºC |
7.76 |
7.89 |
7.97 |
8.07 |
8.18 |
8.26 |
8.37 |
8.48 |
8.58 |
8.68 |
8.78 |
8.88 |
8.98 |
9.09 |
9.18 |
9.28 |
| 25ºC |
7.20 |
7.30 |
7.40 |
7.50 |
7.60 |
7.70 |
7.80 |
7.90 |
8.00 |
8.10 |
8.20 |
8.30 |
8.40 |
8.50 |
8.60 |
8.70 |
| 37ºC |
6.91 |
7.02 |
7.12 |
7.22 |
7.30 |
7.40 |
7.52 |
7.62 |
7.71 |
7.80 |
7.91 |
8.01 |
8.10 |
8.22 |
8.31 |
8.42 |
Conversion
of weight to absolute quantity (mol)
| 1 µg of 1,000 bp DNA |
= 1.52 pmol |
= 9.1 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of pUC18/19 DNA (2,686 bp) |
= 0.57 pmol |
= 3.4 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of pBR322 DNA (4,361 bp) |
= 0.35 pmol |
= 2.1 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of M13mp18/19 DNA (7,250 bp) |
= 0.21 pmol |
= 1.3 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of l-DNA (48,502 bp) |
= 0.03 pmol |
= 1.8 x 1010
molecules | Conversion of absolute
quantity (mol) to weight
| 1 pmol of 1000 bp DNA |
= 0.66 µg |
| 1 pmol of pUC18/19 DNA (2,686 bp) |
= 1.77 µg |
| 1 pmol of pBR 322 DNA (4,361 bp) |
= 2.88 µg |
| 1 pmol of M13mp18/19 DNA (7,250 bp) |
= 4.78 µg |
| 1 pmol of l-DNA (48,502 bp) |
= 32.01 µg |
Nucleic Acid
Conversions
|
Conversion of Weight to
Absolute Quantity (mol)
|
| 1 µg of 1,000 bp DNA |
= 1.52 pmol |
= 9.1 x 101 molecules |
| 1 µg of pUC18/19 DNA (2,686 bp) |
= 0.57 pmol |
= 3.4 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of pBR322 DNA (4,361 bp) |
= 0.35 pmol |
= 2.1 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of M13mp18/19 DNA (7,249 bp) |
= 0.21 pmol |
= 1.3 x 1011 molecules |
| 1 µg of l DNA (48,502 bp) |
= 0.30 pmol |
= 1.8 x 1010 |
Conversion of Absolute
Quantity (mol) to Weight
|
| 1 pmol of 1,000 bp DNA |
= 0.66 µg |
| 1 pmol of pUC18/19 DNA (2,686 bp) |
= 1.77 µg |
| 1 pmol of pBR 322 DNA (4,361 bp) |
= 2.88 µg |
| 1 pmol of M13mp18/19 DNA (7,249 bp) |
= 4.78 µg |
| 1 pmol of DNA (48,502 bp) |
= 32.01
µg |
Molecular weights for
Nucleotides
|
| Compound |
Molecular Weight |
| AMP |
347.2 |
| CMP |
323.2 |
| GMP |
363.2 |
| UMP |
324.2 |
| dAMP |
331.2 |
| dCMP |
307.2 |
| dGMP |
347.2 |
| dTMP |
322.2 |
Molecular Weight of DNA
Fragments
|
| 500 bp ds DNA |
= 325.000 Dalton |
| 500 nt (Nukleotide) ss DNA |
= 162.500 Dalton |
| 1 kb ds DNA |
= 660.000 Dalton |
| 1 kb ss DNA |
= 330.000 Dalton |
| 1 kb ss RNA |
= 340.000 Dalton |
|
| 1 MDa of ds DNA |
= 1,52 kb |
| The average molecular weight of
dNMP is 325 Dalton. |
| The average molecular weight of
DNA base pair is 650
Dalton. |
Protein
Conversions
|
Conversion of Proteins to
DNA Length
|
|
1 kb of DNA |
= 333 amino acids of coding capacity |
| |
|
= 3.7 x 104 D |
|
10,000 Da |
= 270 bp |
DNA |
|
30,000 Da |
= 810 bp |
DNA |
|
50,000 Da |
= 1.35 kb |
DNA |
|
100,000 Da |
= 2.7 kb |
DNA |
Conversion of Absolute
Quantity (mol) to Weight
|
| 100 pmoles of |
100,000 |
dalton protein = 10 µg |
| 100 pmoles of |
500,000 |
dalton protein = 5 µg |
| 100 pmoles of |
10,000 |
dalton protein = 1
µg | DNA-content of various organisms
| Organism |
DNA-content (in bp) |
|
(haploid Genome) |
| Escherichia coli |
4.2 x 106 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana |
4.7 x 106 |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
1.4 x 107 |
| Drosophila melanogaster |
1.4 x 108 |
| Man |
3.3 x 109 |
| Triticum aestivum |
| (hexaploider wheat) |
1.7 x 1010 | | |
|
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