Workers & Retirees
Annuity or Lump Sum?
Many people with a retirement plan are asked to choose between receiving lifetime income (also called an annuity) and a lump-sum payment to pay for their day-to-day life after they stop working. An annuity provides a lifetime steady stream of income while a lump sum is a one-time payment.
Because this decision will affect your financial future, we are providing some information to help you make an informed choice. Deciding which option works best for you takes careful consideration because there are many factors to think about, such as your health, cost of living, assets and savings, and any other income you may have.
Key Questions
Your employer may ask you to choose between an annuity and lump sum. For example, your employer may ask you to make this choice (1) if you change jobs, (2) when you stop working, or (3) even after you have begun to receive monthly annuity payments.
When making this decision, explore the benefits and risks because whichever option you choose will affect your financial future.
What are the benefits and risks?
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Annuity |
Lump Sum |
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Benefits |
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Risks |
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Factors you should consider:
- Your health (and your spouse's)
- Your investment skills (and your spouse's), and how they may change as you age
- Your living expenses (now and future)
- Your savings (and your spouse's)
- Other steady income (Social Security, pensions from other employers)
- Debt (mortgage, car, credit cards, student loans, child support payments)
- Taxes on the annuity or lump sum
If offered, what can I do?
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What can I do with my pension if I change jobs?
You can:
- roll over your pension to your new employer's plan, if your new employer has a plan that accepts rollovers
- leave it with your previous employer (if allowed)
- take the money from the pension in a lump-sum payment (if allowed)
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My employer has asked me to choose between a lump sum and an annuity. I plan to keep working. What should I keep in mind?
You should consider, at a minimum: your health, investment skills, living expenses, debt, and other sources of income. Because you will still be working, you should also consider where you plan to make your new retirement contributions.
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If I took the lump sum money and later on decided that purchasing an annuity is best for me, can I still buy an annuity?
Yes. You can choose to buy an individual retirement annuity. However, individual annuities are more expensive.
Doing the research
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Are there online tools that can help me calculate my lifetime income?
Yes. The Department of Labor has a lifetime income calculator that allows you to estimate the amount of monthly income you will receive when you stop working and start receiving monthly payments.
The results shown are estimates, not guarantees, of the level of the account balance or of the lifetime income streams of payments. -
What if I need help making this decision?
If you need assistance, you can consult a financial professional. If you need to shop for a financial adviser, you may want to use the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's "Know your financial adviser" guide to help you ask the right questions. You may also find retirement information and request help via the Department of Labor's Consumer Assistance page.
For other resources, see the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's guide to pension lump-sum payouts and your retirement security, the Pension Rights Center's "Should you take your pension as a lump sum?" and the Society of Actuaries "Lump Sum or Monthly Pension: Which to Take?" Decision Brief.
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PBGC has taken over my pension plan. How does this choice affect me?
You select the form of benefit you want at the time you file your application to begin receiving your pension benefits.
PBGC pays lump sums only when a total benefit has a value of $5,000 or less. All other benefits are paid as a monthly annuity.
After the date of your first payment, you cannot change your selection. For more information about PBGC benefit options, see Your PBGC Benefit Options.
